Rational torsion of J0(N) for hyperelliptic modular curves and families of Jacobians of genus 2 and genus 3 curves with a rational point of order 5,7 or 10

Abstract

We describe a way of constructing Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves of genus g ≥ 2, defined over a number field, whose Jacobians have a rational point of order of some (well chosen) integer l ≥ g + 1; the method is based on a polynomial identity. Using this approach we construct new families of genus 2 curves defined over — which contain the modular curves X0(31) (and X0(22) as a by-product) and X0(29), the Jacobians of which have a rational point of order 5 and 7 respectively. We also construct a new family of hyperelliptic genus 3 curves defined over —, which contains the modular curve X0(41), the Jacobians of which have a rational point of order 10. Finally we show that all hyperelliptic modular curves X0(N) with N a prime number fit into the described strategy, except for N = 37 in which case we give another explanation.