Abstract
Interfacial electron transfer between redox enzymes and electrodes is a key step for enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis in various bioelectrochemical devices. Although the use of carbon nanomaterials enables an increasing number of redox enzymes to carry out bioelectrocatalysis involving direct electron transfer (DET), the role of carbon nanomaterials in interfacial electron transfer remains unclear. Based on the recent progress reported in the literature, in this mini review, the significance of carbon nanomaterials on DET-type bioelectrocatalysis is discussed. Strategies for the oriented immobilization of redox enzymes in rationally modified carbon nanomaterials are also summarized and discussed. Furthermore, techniques to probe redox enzymes in carbon nanomaterials are introduced.
Highlights
Bioelectrocatalysis, which couples an enzymatic catalysis with an electrode reaction and thereby transforms the chemical energy of the reactant into electrical energy, plays an important role in various applications, including biological fuel cells [1], biosensors [2], and bio-electrosynthesis [3].Redox enzymes in solutions usually show significantly high catalytic efficiency toward their natural substrates
formate dehydrogenase (FoDH) [71], probably owing to the attractive interactions between the pyridine moiety and the FeS site of FoDH. These results suggest that site-specific interactions are effective in inducing a suitable orientation of redox enzymes for direct electron transfer (DET)-type bioelectrocatalysis
In combination with electrochemical measurements, these studies have concluded that the functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with adamantane or anthraquinone groups increase the effective adsorption of TvLac and DbH2 ase for DET-type bioelectrocatalysis owing to the hydrophobic interaction between the active site pocket of redox enzymes and a functionalized polycyclic modifier
Summary
Bioelectrocatalysis, which couples an enzymatic catalysis with an electrode reaction and thereby transforms the chemical energy of the reactant into electrical energy (or vice versa), plays an important role in various applications, including biological fuel cells [1], biosensors [2], and bio-electrosynthesis [3]. Key factor in realizing a fast interfacial electron transfer [16,17] Carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon nanoparticles, and their. In contrary to CNTs, graphene is a two-dimensional sheet of sp bonded carbon atoms conductivity, high specific surface and rapid heterogeneous electronsurface transferarea,. Understanding the mechanisms and roles of carbon nanomaterials in direct biolectrocatalysis is essential to identifying whether a DET reaction occurs and for preparing a suitable platform for DET-type bioelectrocatalysis with a high performance. In this mini review, we start with the significance of carbon nanomaterials in promoting direct bioelectrocatalysis of redox enzymes. Techniques to probe the redox enzymes on the carbon nanomaterial surfaces are described
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