Rational incorporation of strontium pyrophosphate/hexagonal boron nitride composite for trace level electrochemical sensing of dopamine

Abstract

In this work, we explores the electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) in biological spiked samples by strontium pyrophosphate/hexagonal boron nitride (SrP/h-BN) composite. The systematic combination of multiple active sites in SrP/h-BN and their synergistic catalytic action results in excellent physicochemical features that can be leveraged for successful dopamine detection. The inherent advantages of fabricated nanocomposite modified electrode, such as low resistance charge transfer (Rct = 279.65 ± 0.0012 Ω·cm2), with an oxidation potential Epa = +0.22 V (vs Ag/AgCl), low detection limit (0.3 nM), wide linear range (1 nM – 150 µM and 170–337 µM) and high sensitivity (19.6 ± 0.015 µA µM−1 cm2) along with acceptable selectivity (in the presence of 10 interfering compound), are demonstrated by the fundamental advantages of the sonochemical synthetic process in terms of uniform size distribution, improved phase purity, optimum reaction time, and mass transfer effects. Furthermore, the suggested SrP/h–BN nanocomposite has a good recovery range for precise and quantitative DA measurement in human urine (99.6 % ± 0.005) and BSA (99.8 % ± 0.003) samples which demonstrate its real-time applicability.