Abstract
This chapter cites the Ponzo illusion as a contrived example that relates to the real-world “moon illusion” that has been known since ancient times. Contextually induced illusions go far beyond size perception and can appear in the perception of color, location, brightness, speed, weight, and many other properties. It explores a question on the ubiquity of such illusions: Why did people not evolve brains that perceive the world as it really is? The chapter explains that veridical perception is impossible given the limits of sensory organs, causing the sensory information that reaches the brain to be often highly ambiguous. For example, the three-dimensional world is projected onto a two-dimensional retina.
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