Rational design of dicarboxylato platinum(II) complexes with purine-mimetic ligands as novel anticancer agents

Abstract

Six novel platinum(II) complexes containing purine-mimetic ligands (5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp), 7-isobutyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (ibmtp), 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp)) and dicarboxylato ligands (glutarato (glut) or cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylato (CBDC)) have been prepared and characterized with multinuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, 15N, 195Pt) NMR, infrared (IR) and X-ray crystallography. Spectroscopic data in solid state and in solution unambiguously confirm the square-planar geometry of Pt(II) with two monodentate N3-bonded 5,7-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ligands and one O-chelating dicarboxylato ligand. Next, the effect of all the platinum(II) compounds on the viability of normal or cancer cells and their putative mechanisms of action have been investigated. Of the studied platinum(II) complexes, two ([Pt(glut)(dbtp)2] and [Pt(CBDC)(dbtp)2]) overcame the cisplatin resistance in human ovarian tumor cells (A2780cis or OVCAR-3) and arrested the cell cycle at S phase in mice mammary gland cancer cells (4T1), which indicates a mechanism of action different from that of cisplatin. Interestingly, preliminary in vivo toxicity assays revealed that both compounds tested in mice ([Pt(glut)(dbtp)2] 3 and [Pt(CBDC)(dbtp)2] 6) were less toxic in vivo than cisplatin or oxaliplatin. Additionally, compound 6 did not cause myelosuppression and showed over fivefold less accumulation in the liver than its glutarato analog 3.