Rational choice of antibiotic therapy in children with acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract

Abstract

Acute respiratory infections are leading in the structure of infectious pathology in children. Despite the high importance of viruses in the etiology of acute respiratory infections, the role of bacterial pathogens remains important. Features of the current course, high frequency of complications, unreasonable prescription of antibacterial drugs and the risk of developing drug-resistant forms of microorganisms require adherence to algorithms for the timely diagnosis of bacterial infections and the rational use of antibacterial drugs. In the article, on the example of the analysis of clinical cases, the main stages of diagnosis and algorithms for choosing the initial antibiotic therapy for acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract in children in an outpatient setting are considered. In the first clinical case, the principles of differential diagnosis of viral and bacterial acute otitis media, the risks of adverse outcome are considered, the main indications for prescribing systemic antibiotic therapy in preschoolers are identified. The second clinical case demonstrates the algorithms for diagnosing bacterial sinusitis, the possible masks of the disease, and the selection of a starting antibacterial drug. The example of the third clinical case shows the etiological diversity of acute tonsillopharyngitis in children, defined indications for systemic antibacterial therapy. It has been noted that only streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis is the primary indication of antibacterial prescription. The features of initial therapy and the duration of the course of antibacterial drugs in children were determined.