Abstract
The misregulation of nucleic acids behavior leads to cell dysfunction and induces serious diseases. A ratiometric fluorescence probe is a powerful tool to study the dynamic behavior and function relationships of nucleic acids. However, currently, no such effective probe has been reported for in situ, real-time tracking of nucleic acids in living cells and tissue sections. Herein, the unique probe named QPP-AS was rationally designed for ratiometric fluorescence response to nucleic acids through skillful regulation of the intramolecular charge-transfer capabilities of the electron acceptor and donor. Encouraged by the advantages of the selective nucleic acid response, ideal biocompatibility, and high signal-to-noise ratio, QPP-AS has been applied for in situ, real-time ratiometric fluorescence imaging of nucleic acids in living cells for the first time. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that QPP-AS is capable of visualizing the dynamic behavior of nucleic acids during different cellular processes (e.g., cell division and apoptosis) by ratiometric fluorescence imaging. More significantly, QPP-AS has been successfully used for ratiometric fluorescence imaging of nucleic acids in human tissue sections, which provides not only the cell contour, nuclear morphology, and nuclear-plasma ratio but also the nucleic acid content information and may greatly improve accuracy in clinicopathological diagnosis.
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