Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, a wide variety of rating scales and questionnaires for movement disorders have been developed and published, making reviews on their contents, and attributes convenient for the potential users. Sleep disorders are frequently present in movement disorders, and some movement disorders are accompanied by specific sleep difficulties.Aim: The aim of this study is to perform a narrative review of the most frequently used rating scales for movement disorders with sleep problems, with special attention to those recommended by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society.Methods: Online databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar), related references from papers and websites and personal files were searched for information on comprehensive or global rating scales which assessed sleep disturbances in the following movement disorders: akathisia, chorea, dystonia, essential tremor, myoclonus, multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and tics and Tourette syndrome. For each rating scale, its objective and characteristics, as well as a summary of its psychometric properties and recommendations of use are described.Results: From 22 rating scales identified for the selected movement disorders, only 5 included specific questions on sleep problems. Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating scale (MDS-UPDRS), Non-Motor Symptoms Scale and Questionnaire (NMSS and NMSQuest), Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease (SCOPA)-Autonomic and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale (PSPRS) were the only rating scales that included items for assessing sleep disturbances.Conclusions: Despite sleep problems are frequent in movement disorders, very few of the rating scales addresses these specific symptoms. This may contribute to an infra diagnosis and mistreatment of the sleep problems in patients with movement disorders.
Highlights
In recent years, a wide variety of rating scales and questionnaires for movement disorders have been developed and published, making reviews on their contents, and attributes convenient for the potential users
Authors made a list of the movement disorders that can course with sleep symptoms that included akathisia, chore, dystonia, essential tremor, multiple system atrophy, myoclonus, Parkinson’s Disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and tics and Tourette syndrome
The International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society (IPMDS) Task force classifies a scale as “recommended” if it has been used in Parkinson’s disease (PD), shows adequate psychometric properties, and has been used by investigators other than the original developers; as “suggested” if it has been used in PD and fulfills only one other criterion; and as “listed” if it has been used in PD but does not meet the other criteria
Summary
A wide variety of rating scales and questionnaires for movement disorders have been developed and published, making reviews on their contents, and attributes convenient for the potential users. A wide variety of rating scales and questionnaires for the wide range of movement disorders that can affect patients have been developed and are currently available for clinical practice and research. These instruments may be classified as “rater-based,” which are applied by a health professional or trained person, and “patient-based,” which are directly completed by patients themselves. Some effects caused by the health disorder (e.g., disability, symptoms) can be appraised by both methods Their simplicity of use, as well as the amount and quality of information the rating scales provide, justify why rating scales and questionnaires are widely used in clinical and research settings
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