Rate of Falls, Fear of Falling, and Avoidance of Activities At-Risk for Falls in Older Adults With Glaucoma

Abstract

To determine the relationship between glaucoma severity and rate of falls, fear of falling, and avoidance of activities at-risk for falls. Cross-sectional study. Patients with glaucoma (n=138) 55 to 90 years of age with mild (n=61), moderate (n=54), or advanced (n=23) glaucoma in the better eye based on the Glaucoma Staging System and age-matched control subjects (n=50) were recruited from the Eye Clinics at Washington University, St. Louis, MO. Participants completed questionnaires regarding falls, the fear of falling, and the avoidance of activities at-risk for falls. Of the glaucoma participants, 36% reported ≥1 fall in the previous 12 months compared with 20% of control subjects (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.7 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.18-6.17]; P=.018). Compared with control subjects, the mild glaucoma group trended toward a higher fall risk (adjusted OR 2.43 [95% CI 0.97-6.08]; P=.059) and the advanced group had the highest fall risk (adjusted OR 7.97 [95% CI 2.44-26.07]; P=.001). A greater risk of a high fear of falling and high avoidance of at-risk activities occurred at the moderate stage of glaucoma compared with control subjects (adjusted OR 4.66 [95% CI 1.24-17.49]; P=.023 and adjusted OR 4.49 [95% CI 1.34-15.05]; P=.015, respectively). Patient education, interventions, and appropriate referrals to minimize falls should be considered in older adults with early glaucoma and continue with advancing disease. Minimizing a patient's fall risk may decrease their fear of falling and avoidance of at-risk activities. Reducing falls, the fear of falling, and the avoidance of at-risk activities may lower morbidity and mortality and improve emotional and social well-being of patients with glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2021;221:•••-•••. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.