Abstract

Recently, a novel scheme called grayscale-invariance reversible data hiding (RDH) has been developed, in which the generated color marked image will have the same grayscale as that of the host color image. Due to the property of grayscale invariance, for many cases, the further applications and image processing of the marked image will not be interfered with. However, the performance of current grayscale-invariance RDH is unsatisfactory, and the corresponding theoretical model is also lacking. For grayscale-invariance RDH, the modifications of the three color channels are interrelated. By decomposing the joint modification and associating the modification distortions of the green scales and blue scales with those of the red scales, we first approximate the modification-independent rate-distortion model for grayscale-invariance RDH. Subsequently, the optimal transition probability matrix can be estimated, according to which we implement the theoretically proven optimal modification, i.e., recursive code construction (RCC), to finish message embedding. The experimental results show that the presented method extends the applications of RCC and can significantly improve the performance of grayscale-invariance RDH.

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