Rate and risk factors for post-adenotonsillectomy complications in children under 24months and 24 to 36months old.

Abstract

The primary purpose of this study was to assess the overall rate of postoperative complications after adenotonsillectomy in children under 24months old relative to children 24-36months old. Our secondary goal focused on quantifying specific preoperative risk factors that predispose children to postoperative complications. We retrospectively reviewed 248 patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy at our ENT office from 2006 to 2011. We stratified these patients into two groups: under 2years old; and 2-3years old. We identified 42 preoperative risk factors and 22 postoperative complications for each age group and conducted tests of statistical significance. We found that children under 24months old had a statistically significant higher postoperative complication rate of 38% compared to 22.3% in children 2-3years old (p=0.0320, chi-squared test). For specific complications, younger children had a higher rate of respiratory distress within 24h (p=0.0355), endotracheal re-intubation (p=0.0281), and retractions (p=0.0281). The only identified risk factors aside from age demonstrating statistical significance were nasal steroid sprays used preoperatively in children under 24months (p=0.005) and concurrent tympanostomy tube placement in children 24-36months (p=0.026). Our data demonstrates that children under 2years of age have an overall increased rate of postoperative complications after adenotonsillectomy when compared to children between 2 and 3years old, with a significantly higher rates of early respiratory distress, endotracheal re-intubation, and retractions. This study is one of the largest that compares postoperative complication rates and risk factors after adenotonsillectomy in this age group.