Abstract
Previous findings have suggested that the cortex involved in walking control in freely locomotion rats. Moreover, the spectral characteristics of cortical activity showed significant differences in different walking conditions. However, whether brain connectivity presents a significant difference during rats walking under different behavior conditions has yet to be verified. Similarly, whether brain connectivity can be used in locomotion detection remains unknown. To address those concerns, we recorded locomotion and implanted electroencephalography signals in freely moving rats performing two kinds of task conditions (upslope and downslope walking). The Granger causality method was used to determine brain functional directed connectivity in rats during these processes. Machine learning algorithms were then used to categorize the two walking states, based on functional directed connectivity. We found significant differences in brain functional directed connectivity varied between upslope and downslope walking. Moreover, locomotion detection based on brain connectivity achieved the highest accuracy (91.45%), sensitivity (90.93%), specificity (91.3%), and F1-score (91.43%). Specifically, the classification results indicated that connectivity features in the high gamma band contained the most discriminative information with respect to locomotion detection in rats, with the support vector machine classifier exhibiting the most efficient performance. Our study not only suggests that brain functional directed connectivity in rats showed significant differences in various behavioral contexts but also proposed a method for classifying the locomotion states of rat walking, based on brain functional directed connectivity. These findings elucidate the characteristics of neural information interaction between various cortical areas in freely walking rats.
Highlights
Brain connectivity effectively describes information flow between cortical areas [1], which comprises brain anatomical structure or functional associations [2]
Brain Functional Directed Connectivity in Rats Varied with the Locomotion State
We first identified variations in brain functional directed connectivity in the fullfrequency band (7–100 Hz) in rats walking on different terrains
Summary
Brain connectivity effectively describes information flow (including direction and strength) between cortical areas [1], which comprises brain anatomical structure or functional associations [2]. Structural connectivity represents the anatomical connectivity of various brain regions [4]; functional connectivity describes the temporal dependency of separate brain areas [5]; and effective connectivity reflects causal interactions between different brain regions in a directly manner [6]. With the continuous development of brain network analysis technology, brain connectivity estimation has been widely used in neuroscience research, including disease diagnosis [7,8], emotional state recognition [9], as well as action and intention recognition in brain–computer interfaces [10,11,12]. An emotional classification system using brain connectivity and convolutional neural networks has been introduced, achieving excellent classification performance [9]
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