Rat BM-MSCs secretome alone and in combination with stiripentol and ISRIB, ameliorated microglial activation and apoptosis in experimental stroke

Abstract

BackgroundStroke, a devastating neurological emergency, is the leading cause of worldwide mortality and functional disability. Combining novel neuroprotective drugs offers a way to improve the stroke intervention outcomes. In the present era, the combination therapy has been proposed as a plausible strategy to target multiple mechanisms and enhance the treatment efficacy to rescue stroke induced behavioral abnormalities and neuropathological damage. In the current study, we have investigated the neuroprotective effect of stiripentol (STP) and trans integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB) alone and in combination with rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) secretome in an experimental model of stroke. Materials & MethodsStroke was induced in male Wistar rats (n = 92) by temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Three investigational agents were selected including STP (350 mg/kg; i.p.), trans ISRIB (2.5 mg/kg; i.p.) and rat BM-MSCs secretome (100 µg/kg; i.v). Treatment was administered at 3 hrs post MCAO, in four doses with a 12 hrs inter-dose interval. Post MCAO, neurological deficits, brain infarct, brain edema, BBB permeability, motor functional and memory deficits were assessed. Molecular parameters: oxidative stress, pro inflammatory cytokines, synaptic protein markers, apoptotic protein markers and histopathological damage were assessed. ResultsSTP and trans ISRIB, alone and in combination with rat BM-MSCs secretome, significantly improved neurological, motor function and memory deficits along with significant reduction in pyknotic neurons in the brain of post MCAO rats. These results were correlating with significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, microglial activation and apoptotic markers in the brain of drug treated post MCAO rats. ConclusionSTP and trans ISRIB, alone and in combination with rat BM-MSCs secretome, might be considered as potential neuroprotective agents in the acute ischemic stroke (AIS) management.