Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most letal gynecologic tumor, the 5-year survival is less than 40%. The main reason is the advanced stage at the moment of the diagnosis. In these cases the therapeutic options, citorreductive surgery and chemotherapy, are not completely effective. On the other hand, 5-year survival for early stage ovarian cancer is higher than 90%, and most of the times the surgery is the only treatment needed. However, because of the low prevalence of ovarian cancer in the general population, even tests with high specificity present many false positive results and eventually an increase in surgical procedures to investigate asymptomatic adnexal masses. Based on these facts the search for methods and strategies to diagnose early stage ovarian cancer and at the same time to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions are essential. In this article, the bases and possible consequences of strategies for ovarian cancer screening were reviewed. The most important methods avaliable and the results of some trials are evaluated.
Highlights
Ovarian cancer is the most letal gynecologic tumor, the 5-year survival is less than 40%
Marcadores tumorais são substâncias que podem ser detectadas e quantificadas no sangue ou em outros fluidos orgânicos de pacientes portadores de neoplasias
A utilização liberal da ultra-sonografia é responsável pelo aumento no número de casos de massas anexiais em mulheres assintomáticas após a menopausa
Summary
O câncer de ovário é a neoplasia ginecológica mais letal e a sobrevida global é inferior a 40% em cinco anos. Em função da baixa prevalência do câncer de ovário na população, mesmo testes muito específicos produzem altas taxas de resultados falso-positivos e aumento de intervenções cirúrgicas para abordar massas anexiais assintomáticas. É essencial a busca de métodos e estratégias para se detectar estes tumores em estádios iniciais e ao mesmo tempo evitar intervenções desnecessárias. Neste artigo são revisadas as bases e as possíveis conseqüências de estratégias para a detecção precoce dos tumores ovarianos. São discutidos os principais métodos disponíveis e os resultados de alguns estudos com este objetivo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Neoplasias ovarianas/diagnóstico; Marcadores biológicos de tumor; Antígeno Ca-125
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