Abstract
Several commercial products and home-made attractants have been developed for monitoring and mass-trapping of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. Growers in Mexico have adopted an attractant based on a fermenting mixture of raspberry pulp and sucrose, with anecdotally promising results. We compared the capture rates of traps baited with raspberry pulp + sucrose with captures from a range of alternative attractants. Raspberry pulp alone or with sucrose was more attractive than apple cider vinegar (ACV) or SuzukiiTrap and similar to baker’s yeast + sucrose in laboratory cage studies. Synthetic raspberry aroma (0.1–10% concentration), in water or mixed with ACV, did not improve capture rates in the laboratory. Traps baited with raspberry + sucrose or ACV had similar captures of D. suzukii in raspberry or blackberry polytunnels in Michoacán, Mexico. Raspberry + sucrose baited traps captured significantly higher numbers of other drosophilid species, leading to higher total numbers of captured flies (all species), which may explain why Mexican growers favor the raspberry-based attractant. The commercial products SuzukiiTrap and Z-Kinol had lower captures than ACV in polytunnels, although SuzukiiTrap had the highest selectivity in captures of D. suzukii (81% of flies captured). A two-component trap (2C trap) baited with ACV + ethanol as the drowning solution and raspberry pulp + sucrose or baker’s yeast + sucrose in a ventilated tube device was markedly more effective than the trap currently used by growers. We conclude that raspberry pulp + sucrose is as effective for the attraction of D. suzukii as ACV under commercial polytunnel conditions. The 2C trap performed better than the transparent cup trap currently used by berry producers in Mexico.
Highlights
The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive insect that has spread around the world over the last decade [1]
The mean capture of flies was significantly higher for raspberry pulp than for apple cider vinegar (ACV) or a mixture of ACV + raspberry pulp (F = 13.02; df = 2,90; p < 0.001) (Figure 3a)
Despite the clear attraction of D. suzukii to raspberry pulp over ACV under laboratory conditions, no significant differences were observed in capture rates of D. suzukii when both attractants were compared in commercial polytunnels
Summary
The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive insect that has spread around the world over the last decade [1]. This fly has become a major pest of wild and cultivated berry crops in Europe and the Americas [2,3], in blackberry, raspberry, cherry, strawberry, and blueberry crops [4,5,6,7], many other soft fruit species such as guava, grape, and cranberry may be attacked [8,9,10]. Traps are maintained following trapping protocols developed by Mexico’s Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA)
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