Abstract
Sensor networks are handicapped by limited resources in the form of energy, processing, and memory. This paper proposes a new multi-hop energy efficient protocol, namely a routing algorithm using the ring-zone (RARZ) model. The protocol is lightweight, takes routing decisions based on the remaining energy of nodes, and performs location-based routing without the need for the nodes to know their respective positions. The protocol partitions the network into concentric rings around the base station. Each node assigns itself to a particular ring, known by a ringID. Multi-hop routing is performed and nodes within inner rings carry data for the outer rings towards the base station. Simulation results show that RARZ outperforms the address-light integrated MAC routing protocol (AIMRP), ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) and Flooding in terms of end-to-end delay, average hop count, and energy consumption.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are used to monitor and gather data from accessible as well as inaccessible environments [1]
The results show that hierarchical cluster based routing (HCR) outperforms LEACH in terms of energy efficiency
A new approach to enhance the energy efficiency in the network during routing was proposed based on rendezvous routing protocol [28], which forms a rendezvous region in the center of the sensing field and constructs a tree to send the data to BS
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are used to monitor and gather data from accessible as well as inaccessible environments [1]. Sci. 2018, 8, x communication sensor nodes send their data directly to the base station Such protocols are not scalable and consume energy [4]. Certain nodes may quickly get depleted in energy, by virtue of their positions in the region, resulting in a reduced network lifetime Another issue in [7] is that the number of hops depends upon the ringID from where the packet has originated. There are situations where the hop node can be located two hops closer to the BS (the ring in the direction of the BS) If this situation is exploited, the number of transmissions and hops is reduced and the network lifetime is extended. RARZ reduces the number of hops between the sender and the receiver (i.e., BS) and uses high-level energy sensor nodes along the path for relaying purposes to extend the overall network lifetime.
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