Abstract
Forest exploitation and conversion to other landuse may cause lost of biodiversity, including most important dipterocarp trees species, i.e. Shorea leprosula and Shorea laevis . The objective of this study was to determine the rarity status of the two important shorea species, i.e. S. laevis and S. leprosula , based on IUCN criteria, their habitat characteristics, and their association with other species, as one of the basis for determining their conservation strategy as a part of forest management. This study was conducted in three types of ecosystem (virgin forest, secondary forest, and fragmented forest) in Muara Teweh, Central Kalimantan. Methodology used in this research includes vegetation and tree diversity analysis. Study results showed that both S. laevis and S. leprosula were included within category of “low risk” in the 3 types of ecosystem in the forest area being studied. Habitat characteristics which determined the absence of S. laevis in the virgin forest habitat was the soil permeability which was too low, whereas other soil chemical and physical properties in the three types of ecosystems were relatively similar. Presence of S. laevis were positively associated with species of S. uliginosa , Dialium platysepalum , Dipterocarpus ibmalatus , Palaquium rostatum , Vatica rasak , Adinandra sp ., and Memecyclon steenis . On the other hand, S. leprosula were positively correlated with S. kunstleri , Castanopsis sp ., Shorea sp ., Quercus bennettii , Castanopsis argentea , and D. hasseltii .
Highlights
Indonesia has over 120 million ha of natural forests
Results of vegetation analysis in the study location showed that S. leprosula was still sufficient and was distributed in the 3 study plots, whereas S. laevis were found only in 2 study plots, namely secondary forest (SF) and fragmented forest (FrF)
One of the characteristics for critically endangered (CR) was that if the trees surveyed were in the natural habitat, there was at least 50 individual adult trees in area as large as 10 km2 or one individual adult trees in area as large as 20 ha
Summary
Indonesia has over 120 million ha of natural forests. These represent a tenth of the world's remaining tropical rain forests and are among the most biologically diverse in the world, which is mainly dominated by family members of dipterocarpaceae (Sukardjo et al 1990). Decreased population and forest fragmentation could lead to extinction of the species because those 2 factors have important genetic consequence for the species survival in the area (Young et al 1996; Buza et al 2000; Finkeldey 2003). One consequence is the occurence of inbreeding which would increase homozigosity and mortality of the species due to lethal and semi-lethal alleles (Frankham 2005) This phenomenon, which is known as inbreeding depression, has been well documented on both flora and fauna (Frankham 2005). Some listed species in Indonesia are Shorea laevis and S. leprosula which have been categorized by IUCN as rare dipterocarp species with low risk and endangered (Ashton 1998). Study of shorea occurence from Sungai Lengkawi-Sungai Jengonoi forest compound in Sintang, West Kalimantan by Heriyanto and Subiandono (2003), underlined the rarity status of S. laevis
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