Rare case of dysphagia lusoria due to an anomalous vertebral artery originating from the aortic arch

Abstract

Dysphagia lusoria is a rare condition characterized by swallowing difficulties due to vascular compression of the esophagus. While most commonly caused by an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), other vascular anomalies can also lead to this condition. We present a unique case of dysphagia lusoria in a 20-year-old Ethiopian male, caused by a vertebral artery originating anomalously from the aortic arch. The patient presented with a 6-month history of progressive dysphagia, particularly with solid foods. Diagnostic imaging revealed an aberrant right vertebral artery compressing the esophagus. Conservative management, including dietary modifications and swallowing exercises, led to significant symptom improvement. This case highlights the importance of considering rare vascular anomalies in the differential diagnosis of dysphagia, especially in young patients. It also demonstrates the potential effectiveness of conservative management in such cases. This report discusses the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and management of this rare variant of dysphagia lusoria.