Rare case atypical branching of the axillary artery and high bifurcation of the brachial artery

Abstract

The problem of variant anatomy of blood vessels does not lose its relevance, it comprehensively is being studied still and important in modern human anatomy. The study of the diversity of branching of the arterial bed is of interest not only to anatomists, but also to practicing physicians. The anatomical and clinical Russian and English-language medical literature describes numerous variants of the structure of the arterial system regarding the place of branching, the presence of additional arteries and the absence of major arteries, their branching types. During the preparation of corpses intended for practical studies with students at the Department of Human Anatomy, anatomists are often found with variability of branching vessels. Based on many years of cadavers’ preparation experience, it can be said that almost every corpse has certain structural features of the vascular system that are different from the classical description. Variants and anomalies of vascular branching can affect the pathogenesis and symptoms of various diseases, as well as the choice of methods for their treatment. When dissecting a female corpse, atypical branching of the axillary and brachial arteries was discovered. The aim of the study was to describe the revealed vascular anomaly of this corpse. In the study of the upper third of the shoulder was found a high fission of a. brachialis on its two main branches - a. ulnaris and a. radialis. A. thoracica lateralis was absent. Moreover, a. thoracoacromialis was branched from a. axillaris in the area of the thoracic triangle. This case is an example of atypical branching of the brachial and axillary arteries. Knowledge of branching options for arteries is necessary for carrying out diagnostic and treatment manipulations, since such atypical branching types undoubtedly complicate the work during surgical procedures during surgical interventions in this area of the limb, which, in fact, can lead to iatrogenic damage of arteries.