Abstract
The paper summaries information obtained through an initial survey undertaken to identify those avian populations which qualify for inclusion in a South African Red Data Book, and whose conservation status is in need of special attention. One hundred and one species' populations are included in the preliminary list. Nine of the 101 species are endemic to South Africa. There is a predominance of forest and wetland species, of birds of prey, and of mainly tropical species occurring as intrusions in the north east of South Africa. Many of the species listed are peripheral to South Africa and are widespread and abundant extra-limitally. Twenty species' populations which require urgent conservation attention are listed. As far as is known, no avian species has become extinct during historical times in South Africa, but two are at present endangered, i.e. threatened with immediate extinction.
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