Rare and endangered bryophytes in New York State and Eastern United States: Current status and preservation strategies

Abstract

The process of establishing rare and endangered bryophyte lists and of preservation of these species in the United States is explained and contrasted with European practices, using New York State as an example. The Nature Conservancy, a private organization, preserves sites on which rare species are found. The Natural Heritage Inventory, a nationwide state and private organization, is responsible for the development of rare species lists. A list of mosses equivalent to European Red Data Lists has recently been compiled by the New York State Heritage Program. Data on occurrence and distribution of bryophytes are lacking or incomplete; field exploration and herbarium studies and preservation efforts currently underway in several states are reviewed. Recent research on rare plant communities in New York, particularly fen and alvar communities, has resulted in the discovery of species thought to be extirpated and of new sites for endangered species. In particular cases, rarity of bryophytes in Eastern United States is the result of geologic and anthropogenic processes. Habitat destruction is the major current threat. The United States lags behind many European countries in both knowledge of its rare bryophytes and in their protection.