RARE-32. PEDIATRIC METASTATIC SKULL BASE CHORDOMA WITH TP53 MUTATION – A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract

Chordoma is an uncommon bone tumor arising from notochordal remnant, which accounts for 1–4% of all bone malignancies. It commonly occurs along the cranial-spinal axis, and skull base is one of most frequent sites, representing 35–49% of all chordoma cases. Surgical resection is widely accepted as the first choice of treatment. There are only limited number of reports about pediatric chordoma cases, and its biological behavior including genetic backgrounds were largely unknown. Here, we present a 5 year-old girl with a large aggressive skull base chordoma of 6 cm in maximum diameter, which eventually had multiple systemic metastasis. We initially tried chemotherapy based on the protocol for the osteosarcoma, but in vain. Because the tumor was highly vascularized on angiography, after embolization of the feeding arteries and bilateral internal maxillary arteries, endoscopic endonasal surgery was performed. The tumor was sufficiently removed, achieving effective mass reduction, and the residual tumors involving the lower cranial nerves and craniocervial junction were additionally treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery. However, one month later, it showed systemic metastasis to bilateral cervical lymph nodes and lung. We tried chemotherapy with nivolmab and imatinib for this patient, whereas they showed the partial effect. The genetic analysis revealed somatic TP53 c.569C>T, (p.P190L) mutation in chordoma specimen. In the past literature, we found only one study of the adult chordoma cases, in which majority of the patients had somatic TP53 mutation (p.P72R). Further investigation with large number of the cases is essential to clarify the molecular biology of pediatric chordomas.