Raptor Electrocutions and Power Line Collisions

Abstract

Electrocutions and collisions of birds with power lines have long represented an important worldwide conservation issue. Raptors such as eagles are susceptible to electrocution on distribution power lines because they are large birds and because certain species frequently perch or nest on power poles. Electrocution is an important cause of population declines among a number of sensitive raptor species. Electrocution risk is distributed unevenly among poles; for any pole, electrocution risk is a function of pole hazard (spacing between energized and grounded components) and exposure (pole utilization) by susceptible species. Habitat, sex, age, weather, and behavioral factors also play an important role in electrocution. Electrocution risk can be successfully mitigated by increasing separation between hazardous contacts, adding insulation, or attempting to redirect birds to safer locations. Statistical models are useful for identifying high risk poles, where mitigation can provide maximum conservation benefit. Raptor collisions with power lines also have been documented globally, and may involve sensitive species. Raptor collision risk appears to be elevated where lines bisect travel corridors, particularly when individuals are distracted by courtship, territorial defense, or hunting, or visibility is reduced by weather or low light. Collision can be reduced using devices increasing line visibility. Although numerous methods for reducing or eliminating electrocutions and collisions have been developed, published, and successfully implemented, raptor electrocutions and collisions persist. This chapter addresses common problems and solutions associated with raptor electrocutions and collisions.