Rapports entre l’âge et l’incidence d’une voie accessoire atrioventriculaire de localisation antéroseptale dans le syndrome Wolff-Parkinson-White

Abstract

Background Radiofrequency ablation of atrioventricular accessory pathway (AP) which is currently used, remains associated with a risk of complete AV block in the case of anteroseptal (AS) location and its indication remains debatable. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of AS location in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) and the clinical and electrophysiological data of these patients. Methods Electrophysiologic study (EPS) was performed in 503 pts aged from six to 85 years (35 ± 17), 297 men, 206 women, recruited for a patent WPW syndrome. The location of AP was determined on a 12 lead ECG during atrial pacing at maximal preexcitation according to classical criteria. The location was confirmed at EPS. Eleven pts were excluded because the location remained not clearly defined. EPS was indicated for suspected or documented tachycardias ( n = 264), syncope ( n = 68) or was systematic in asymptomatic patients ( n = 171). Results AS AP location was identified in 34 patients aged eight to 48 years (7%). Their mean age was younger than the age of remaining population (25 ± 13 versus 36 ± 17, p < 0.001). According to the age, the prevalence of AS location was significantly higher in children and adolescents (14%) than after 40 years (3%) ( p < 0.01). There was no AS location among 108 patients aged more than 50 years. The maximal rate conducted over AP was lower in patients with AS location than in other locations either in control state (174 ± 60 per minute versus 197 ± 63 per minute) ( p < 0.01) or after isoproterenol (206 ± 71 versus 248 ± 69) ( p < 0.01). The number of induced reciprocating tachycardia (47% versus 57.5%), atrial fibrillation (15% versus 21%) and malign forms (12% versus 17%) did not differ significantly in patients with AS location and in other patients. Anterograde conduction disappeared spontaneously in three of six patients followed 8 ± 1.5 years, and significantly increased in two other patients. Conclusions AS AP location in WPW syndrome was more frequent in children than in adults. The maximal rate conducted over the AP was lower than in other locations. The incidence decreased after 40 years. AS AP location was never noted after 50 years in our population. This disappearance with age should be taken into account for the indications of AS AP ablation.