Abstract
Primate censuses were conducted along transects (450 and 1100 m) in forests at Huanchaca (Bolivia) during the months of August and September 1986. As yet, relatively little information is available for primate populations in Bolivia and this is the first report on eastern populations. Average group sizes determined were: 12.8 ± 5.1 for the spider monkey Ateles paniscus (n = 11), 16.2 ± 7.6 for the capuchin monkey Cebus apella (n = 9) and 9.5 for the marmoset Callithrix argentata melanura (n = 2). Population densities determined were: 84.5 individuals/km2 for Ateles paniscus and 38.9 individuals/km2 for Cebus apella. The presence of Alouatta caraya and Aotus azarae was also indicated by their vocalizations, but no counts were possible. This forest area is as yet relatively intact, as indicated by the unusually high densities of spider monkeys in comparison with other neotropical forest areas, but impending schemes to exploit these forests and to construct roads in the region represent a threat to the primate populations and their environment.
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