Rapidly derived equimolar Ca: P phasic bioactive glass infused flexible gelatin multi-functional scaffolds – A promising tissue engineering

Abstract

The study aims to design and fabricate an ultra-easier multi-functional biomedical polymeric scaffold loaded with unique equimolar Ca:P phasic bioactive glass material (BG). Gelatin (G) – 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds were synthesized via a simple laboratory refrigerator with higher biocompatibility and cytocompatibility. The results proved that BG has enhanced bio-mineralization of the scaffolds and results support that the G: BG (1:2) ratio is the more appropriate composition. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) study confirms the higher surface area for pure Gelatin and G: BG (1:2). Scanning Electron Microscopic images display the precipitation of hydroxycarbonate apatite layer over the scaffolds on immersing it in simulated body fluid. Alkaline phosphate activity proved that G: BG (1:2) scaffold could induce mitogenesis in MG-63 osteoblast cells, thus helping in hard tissue regeneration. Sirius red collagen deposition showed that higher content bioactive glass incorporated Gelatin polymeric scaffold G: BG (1:2) could induce rapid collagen secretion of NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell line that could help in soft tissue regeneration and earlier wound healing. The scaffolds were also tested for cell viability using NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell lines and MG 63 osteoblastic cell lines through methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Thus, the study shows a scaffold of appropriate composition G: BG (1:2) can be a multifunctional material to regenerate hard and soft tissues.