Rapid Sequence Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Assessment of Children with Hydrocephalus

Abstract

Recent reports have shown the utility of rapid-acquisition magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of children with hydrocephalus. Rapid sequence MRI (RS-MRI) acquires clinically useful images in seconds without exposing children to the risks of ionizing radiation or sedation. We review our experience with RS-MRI in children with shunts. Overall image quality, cost, catheter visualization, motion artifact, and ventricular size were reviewed for all RS-MRI studies obtained at Seattle Children's Hospital during a 2-year period. Image acquisition time was 12-19 seconds, with sessions usually lasting less than 3 minutes. Image quality was very good or excellent in 94% of studies, whereas only one was graded as poor. Significant motion artifact was noted in 7%, whereas 77% had little or no motion artifact. Catheter visualization was good or excellent in 57%, poor in 36%, and misleading in 7%. Small ventricular size was correlated with poor catheter visualization (Spearman's ρ= 0.586; P<0.00001). RS-MRI imaging cost ∼$650 more than conventional computed tomography (CT). Our study supports that RS-MRI is an adequate substitute that allows reduced use of CT imaging and resultant exposure to ionizing radiation. Catheter position visualization remains suboptimal when ventricles are small, but shunt malfunction can be adequately determined in most cases. The cost is significantly more than CT, but the potential for lifetime reduction in radiation exposure may justify this expense in children. Limitations include the risk of valve malfunction after repeated exposure to high magnetic fields and the need for reprogramming with many types of adjustable valves.