Abstract
Trench fever, caused by Bartonella quintana, is recognized as a re-emerging and neglected disease. Rapid and sensitive detection approaches are urgently required to monitor and help control B. quintana infections. Here, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which amplifies target DNA at a fixed temperature with high sensitivity, specificity and rapidity, was employed to detect B. quintana. Thirty-six strains, including 10 B. quintana, 13 other Bartonella spp., and 13 other common pathogens, were applied to verify and evaluate the LAMP assay. The specificity of the LAMP assay was 100%, and the limit of detection was 125 fg/reaction. The LAMP assay was compared with qPCR in the examination of 100 rhesus and 20 rhesus-feeder blood samples; the diagnostic accuracy was found to be 100% when LAMP was compared to qPCR, but the LAMP assay was significantly more sensitive (p < 0.05). Thus, LAMP methodology is a useful for diagnosis of trench fever in humans and primates, especially in low-resource settings, because of its rapid, sensitive detection that does not require sophisticated equipment.
Highlights
Bartonella are fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. They are transmitted by arthropods, for example lice and fleas are the vectors of B. quintana and B. henselae, respectively, to humans
Humans and primates are the major B. quintana reservoir and the human body louse has been considered the principal vector [7,8,9]. This bacterium has been detected in specimens collected from cat fleas [10,11] and other arthropod families such as bed bugs [12,13], suggesting that a range of insects may act as vectors in the spread of trench fever
The limit of detection of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was 125 fg DNA/reaction, which was fourfold more sensitive than qPCR
Summary
They are transmitted by arthropods, for example lice and fleas are the vectors of B. quintana and B. henselae, respectively, to humans. Humans and primates are the major B. quintana reservoir and the human body louse has been considered the principal vector [7,8,9] Recently, this bacterium has been detected in specimens collected from cat fleas [10,11] and other arthropod families such as bed bugs [12,13], suggesting that a range of insects may act as vectors in the spread of trench fever. Has been applied to the amdthepatnelLicfoBtyio.oupqnpu-mointfoetoad1ntih0aa9et[er2cdo1b]pai.scioIettetshrisoieafrslmiamspaDpleNlcaeimrAestpht[la1aifr9nigc,2ePa0ttC]iio,Rnnb‐iubs(aLtosAatehldMseormPmt)oeaittlshhcaoeodnndsudeactinelteicdoitcniroasencq(i6uod0ifr–aoe6mst5hplee◦lrsCifsBi)ceaiaqnrttuioo1inpnhemlm,laaeennstptdhe[ot2cdhi2ee]ts.hrHoaettsehucreaeltr,ns cawnebdeeovbesloeprveeddabLyAaMviPsuaaslsaayssteasrsgmeteinntgotfhteumrboidleictyul[a1r8]c.hTapheisroansseagyehnaesgnrooEt Lo,nalymbeemenbearppofliethdetohetahte dsehteocctkionregouf lootnh,ertobadcetteerciat lBs.pqeuciiensta[n1a9,,2a0n],dbeuvtaallusaotetod tthhee ddeitaegcntioosntiocfsoptehceifricBiatyrtoannedllassepnesictiievsitoythoefr ththane aBs.sqauyi.ntana [21] It is simpler than PCR-based methods and requires less equipment [22]. SSppeecciiffiicciittyy ooff tthhee LLAAMMPP ddeetteeccttiioonn ffoorr ddiiffffeerreenntt ssttrraaiinnss. Sfiomr itlhaerlyL,AwMePteasstseady 2(40/r2h0e)saunsd‐fe5e.0d%erfobrlotohde rseaaml-ptilmeseuPsCinRg(1th/e2s0e; p(a1s
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