Rapid Rubber Extraction and NMR Spectroscopy of Rubber, Extracted from the Endemic Species Scorzonera Tau-Saghyz

K.K Boguspaev,D.G Faleev,S.K Turasheva,M.S Mutalkhanov,V.H Portnoy,T.M Seilkhanov

doi:10.18321/ectj931

Abstract

Scorzonera tau-saghyz Lipsch. et G.G. Bosse is an endemic rubber producing plant, growing in mountain regions in South Kazakhstan. The rubber content in plants and the quality of biopolymer has an important impact on industrial rubber production. The results of this study showed that the amount of rubber in S. tau-saghyz roots fluctuates between 7.74% and 38.75%. The amount of synthesized and deposited rubber biopolymer particles depends on various factors such as physiological age of plant, origin, temperature, moisture and environmental conditions. We optimized the extraction method of natural rubber by using n-hexane as a solvent for direct extraction. This method allows extracting the maximum amount of rubber from 3‒4-year-old plants. NMR results show structural links of natural isoprene rubber in the root extract sample. There is a clear relationship between methyl, methine and methylene protons which corresponds to isoprene rubber structure. The samples having strongly marked singlets that are inherent for rubber functional groups confirms the stereospecific structure of rubber. Good solubility of the root extract in deuterated chloroform can characterize the low molecular weight of the polymer. NMR characterization of rubber, extracted from S. tau-saghyz roots, is reported for the first time. Regeneration in vitro provides an important opportunity for endemic preservation by rapidly increasing the number of plants. The best regeneration of adventitious shoots was obtained on MS medium containing 5.5 μM kinetin and 0.5 μM NAA. The plants were successfully acclimatized in a glasshouse with 75% of S. tau-saghyz plantlets, respectively surviving after transfer to ex vitro conditions.

Highlights

Rubber has been found in over 2500 plant species, only Parthenium argentatum Gray, Taraxacum koksaghyz and the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg. synthesize plenty of quantity of high molecular weight rubber [1,2,3,4,5]
The results of this study showed that the amount of rubber in S. tausaghyz roots fluctuates between 7.74% and 38.75%
The optimization of the method is achieved by direct extraction of rubber from the ground in mill dry roots of S. tau-saghyz using n-hexane as a solvent

Summary

Introduction

Rubber has been found in over 2500 plant species, only Parthenium argentatum Gray, Taraxacum koksaghyz and the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg. synthesize plenty of quantity of high molecular weight rubber [1,2,3,4,5]. & G.G. Bosse rubber producing species grow naturally in South Kazakhstan. The origin of the Scorzonera taxa belonging to Compositae family is the Central Asia region. It is rubber semi-shrub, with laticifer cells produced and accumulated in roots, achieving up to 35‒38% of latex like produced by the Pará rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). S. tau-saghyz is an economically significant species used as an alternative source of natural rubber. After its discovery in 1934 by Lipschits S. in its native habitat, the high valleys

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