Abstract
Background: The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is home to the vast grassland in China. The QTP grassland ecosystem has been seriously degraded by human land use practices and climate change. Fertilization is used in this region to increase vegetation yields for grazers. The impact of long-term fertilization on plant and microbial communities has been studied extensively. However, the influence of short-term fertilization on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities in the QTP is largely unknown, despite their important functional role in grassland ecosystems.Methods: We investigated AMF community responses to three years of N and/or P addition at an experimental field site on the QTP, using the Illumina MiSeq platform (PE 300).Results: Fertilization resulted in a dramatic shift in AMF community composition and NP addition significantly increased AMF species richness and phylogenetic diversity. Aboveground biomass, available phosphorus, and NO3− were significantly correlated with changes in AMF community structure. Changes in these factors were driven by fertilization treatments. Thus, fertilization had a large impact on AMF communities, mediated by changes in aboveground productivity and soil chemistry.Discussion: Prior work has shown how plants often lower their reliance on AMF symbioses following fertilization, leading to decrease AMF abundance and diversity. However, our study reports a rise in AMF diversity with fertilization treatment. Because AMF can provide stress tolerance to their hosts, we suggest that extreme weather on the QTP may help drive a positive relationship between fertilizer amendment and AMF diversity.
Highlights
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), known as the ‘Roof of the World’ or the ‘Third Pole,’ is famous for its extreme weather and plays a crucial role in providing ecological stability and climate buffering to the region (Dong et al, 2010)
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal alpha-diversity After rarefaction to an equal sequencing depth per sample (1,000), we found a total of 231 distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) across all samples (97% similarity), 35.5% of which (82) were found in all treatments
Of all the biogeochemical characteristics examined, both OTU richness and phylogenetic diversity were positively correlated with NO3, Dissolved organic N (DON), AP, graminoid biomass, forb biomass and total aboveground biomass (TB) and negatively correlated with legume biomass (P < 0.05 in all cases; Table S3)
Summary
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), known as the ‘Roof of the World’ or the ‘Third Pole,’ is famous for its extreme weather and plays a crucial role in providing ecological stability and climate buffering to the region (Dong et al, 2010). About 85% of the QTP is grassland, accounting for more than 30% of all grassland area in China This ecosystem is being degraded by long-term livestock overgrazing and climate change, which have created a series of social, environmental, and economic crises (Wen et al, 2013). The influence of short-term fertilization on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities in the QTP is largely unknown, despite their important functional role in grassland ecosystems. Results: Fertilization resulted in a dramatic shift in AMF community composition and NP addition significantly increased AMF species richness and phylogenetic diversity. Aboveground biomass, available phosphorus, and NO3- were significantly correlated with changes in AMF community structure. Changes in these factors were driven by fertilization treatments. Because AMF can provide stress tolerance to their hosts, we suggest that extreme weather on the QTP may help drive a positive relationship between fertilizer amendment and AMF diversity
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