Abstract
Abstract Objective This study was to establish a rapid quantitative method for determination of six characteristic flavonoids, including licochalcone A (1), liquiritigenin (2), glabridin (3), isoliquiritigenin (4), liquiritoside (5), and isoliquiritoside (6) in licorice by a ultra-performance convergence chromatography (UPC2) apparatus equipped with a photodiode-array detector (PDA). Methods: The flavonoids studied were separated on an ACQUITY UPC2 TM Torus 2-PIC column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) using gradient elution (85:15–70:30) with a mobile phase consisting of CO2 and methanol: formic acid (99.8:0.2, v/v), back pressure of 2,000 psi, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and detection at 254 nm. This method was further applied for the analysis of the flavonoids present in 10 batches of licorice roots samples. Results: Good linearity (R2 = 0.9990–0.9998) was achieved and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranging from 0.12 to 0.49 µg/mL and 0.46 to 1.61 µg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for repeatability and reproducibility were 2.30–2.80% and 2.30–2.98%, respectively. The flavonoids distributed differently in Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Glycyrrhiza inflate . Conclusion: The established rapid quantitative analysis method was environment friendly and suitable to the quality control of species licorice.
Highlights
The Glycyrrhiza genus consists of about 30 species and is widely distributed all over the world
Significant differences were found in the secondary metabolite profiles of the three species (G. uralensis, G. glabra, and G. inflata), especially concerning their content of free phenolic compounds, including coumarins and flavonoids (Song et al, 2017)
The quality control method of licorice was mainly established on the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC/MS) (Yang et al, 2016; Zhang, 2016)
Summary
The Glycyrrhiza genus consists of about 30 species and is widely distributed all over the world. UPC2 is a standalone, viable technique that is cost effective, sustainable, and uses green technology that lowers the use of organic solvents. This method is recognized as a substituent of the normal-phase, the orthogonality, and complementary to reversed-phase HPLC (Gong et al, 2014; Qi et al, 2016; Zhou et al, 2014). A new UPC2/PDA method for simultaneous separation and determination of six flavonoids was established and developed to efficiently validate and quantify the flavonoids in the collected licorice root samples from different producing areas of China. The shorter retention time, improved analytical sensitivity, economic experimental cost, and environment friendly solvent was the advantage of the new establish methods
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