Abstract
The Fritillaria genus, including different kinds of medicinal and edible plants belonging to the Liliaceae family which have the function of treating and relieving a cough and eliminating phlegm, is widely planted in Xinjiang (China). There are few comprehensive studies reporting on the characterization of the chemical constituents of Fritillaria from Xinjiang, and to date, no work describing the quantitative differences between the components in Fritillaria from Xinjiang and related species. The purpose of this study was to develop qualitative and quantitative analytical methods by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) for the rapid quantification and quantitation of alkaloids in wild and cultivated Xinjiang Fritillaria, which could be used in the quality control of medicine based on this natural herb. Using the UPLC-QTOF-MS method, the chemical constituents of Xinjiang Fritillaria were identified by fragmentation information and retention behavior, and were compared to reference standards. Furthermore, a quantitative comparision of four major alkaloids in wild and cultivated Xinjiang Fritillaria was conducted by determining the content of Sipeimine-3β-d-glucoside, Sipeimine, Peimisine, and Yibeinoside A, respectively. A total of 89 characteristic peaks, including more than 40 alkaloids, were identified in the chromatographic results of Fritillaria. Four main alkaloids were quantified by using a validated method based on UPLC-QTOF-MS. The relative contents of Sipeimine-3β-d-glucoside, Sipeimine, Peimisine, and Yibeinoside A varied from 0.0013%~0.1357%, 0.0066%~0.1218%, 0.0033%~0.0437%, and 0.0019%~0.1398%, respectively. A rough separation of wild and cultivated Fritillaria could be achieved by the cluster analysis method.
Highlights
Four main alkaloids were quantified by using a validated method based on UPLC-QTOF-MS
Fritillaria represents the bulbs of various plants from the Fritillaria genus in the Liliaceae family, which have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for a long period of time because of their effects of clearing heat, moistening the lung, resolving phlegm, and relieving coughs, for the treatment of a cough caused by lung heat and dryness, a low sputum dry cough, a cough due to a yin deficiency, and sputum with blood [1,2,3]
An approach based on the use UPLC-QTOF-MS was developed to investigate the chemical constituents of wild and artificial cultivated Fritillaria, and to conduct a comparison of the results, which was expected to be useful in the foundation of medicinal quality control and material basis research
Summary
Fritillaria represents the bulbs of various plants from the Fritillaria genus in the Liliaceae family, which have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for a long period of time because of their effects of clearing heat, moistening the lung, resolving phlegm, and relieving coughs, for the treatment of a cough caused by lung heat and dryness, a low sputum dry cough, a cough due to a yin deficiency, and sputum with blood [1,2,3]. Various bioactive chemical components have been found in Fritillaria, mainly consisting of alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, and glycosides. Molecules 2017, 22, 719 pharmacological actions have shown that the active ingredients resulting in the cough-curing and phlegm-reducing effects were alkaloids [3,4]. The wild species of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk is only distributed in the regions north of the Tianshan Mountains (Xinjiang, China) [5]. With the increasing demand of Fritillaria Pallidiflora Schrenk, traditional wild medicine could not satisfy the market demand and cultivated species were introduced. Whether the quality of cultivated Fritillaria Pallidiflora
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