Rapid quality control of a live attenuated Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccine by monoclonal antibody based sandwich ELISA

Abstract

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and economically important viral disease of goats and sheep. A homologous Vero cell-based attenuated PPR vaccine developed in our laboratory and used extensively throughout the country, is available for control of PPR. The presently used quality control test, titration in Vero cells for PPR virus titre in vaccine batches, takes at least 6–8 days to determine the quality and dose of vaccine. In this study, 74 freeze-dried PPR vaccine batches were tested simultaneously by both virus titration and PPR sandwich ELISA (S-ELISA) to correlate the titre of the vaccine virus with reactivity in S-ELISA. It was found that the vaccine batches with titre more than 10 3 TCID 50/ml gave positive results in S-ELISA and correlated well with the virus titre of the freeze-dried vaccines. The correlation coefficient between the virus titration and S-ELISA reactivity was estimated as 0.96, indicating a high correlation between the two parameters based on 74 batches of freeze-dried PPR vaccine. The vaccine batches with titres of 3.0, 4.3, 4.5, 5.0, 6.5 and 7.0 had shown a positive reaction when tested in two-fold dilutions in S-ELISA at 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 log 2 titres, respectively. The test vaccine batches were found to be negative in S-ELISA when the titre of the vaccine was less than 10 3 TCID 50/ml, suggesting that the vaccine could not be passed for field use. It is concluded that S-ELISA could be a preliminary tool useful for the quality control of PPR vaccine as it is rapid and easy to perform when compared to virus titration.