Abstract
The use of microwave fixation for biological specimens is very promising and may provide unique biological insights and methodological advantages over standard chemical and physical fixation approaches. Microwave fixation methods are fast (e.g., completed in seconds or less) and they make analysis of fast cellular events such as vesicle formation and fast reorganization of vitamin D receptors possible or more precise. This newly developed, rapidly emerging technology is playing an increasingly important role in providing new insights into cell biology.Microwave fixation is used by many investigators as an all encompassing description of a variety of methods where microwave irradiation is used in the fixation process. Certain limitations and possible advantages are associated with different microwave fixation methods. For example, the use of aldehydes during irradiation may influence the preservation of antigenicity of cellular macromolecules. Therefore, it is useful to classify microwave fixation methods according to the following criteria: a) chemical environment around the specimen during irradiation, b) duration of microwave exposure, and c) the temporal relationship between the use of microwave irradiation and the use of other chemical or physical fixation modalities.
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