Abstract
The cause of rapid phase transformations observed by several investigators can be explained by the phenomenon of thermodynamic metastability and incipient instability. A liquid cryogen coming into intimate, sudden contact with a substantially warmer host liquid is heated and forms a thin layer of metastable, superheated liquid at the interface between the two. A shock wave is initiated in the metastable layer when the interface temperature is approximately 0.84 times the critical temperature of the cryogen. A heat transfer and thermodynamic model is given that enables us to predict the necessary host liquid temperature that will cause a shock wave for a given cryogen. Experimental results are presented that support the analytical contention, that for several water-cryogen combinations the water temperature necessary to produce a shock wave is about 1.10 times the critical temperature of the cryogen.
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