Rapid Operational and Scientific Response to the Idoho-Qit Pipeline Spill, Nigeria

Abstract

ABSTRACT The 12 January 1998 rupture of a 24-inch pipeline from the IDOHO platform to the Mobil Qua Iboe terminal resulted in the release of approximately 40,000 bbl of light Nigerian crude oil. Because of rapid westerly transport, dispersants were the method of primary response, with approximately 250 barrels being applied. Also, because more than 90% of the oil was dispersed offshore, heavy shoreline oiling was limited and localized. However, due to westward transport by nearshore currents, remnants of the spill tracked 5–10 km offshore from the spill source were observed at Lagos harbor, about 900 km away. Oiling of interior sensitive mangrove habitats was limited to a few locations. Exposed sand beaches self-cleaned within 2–3 weeks. Cleanup of heavily impacted shoreline areas recovered approximately 1000 bbl of oily waste. A national and international team of scientists was activated within 24 hours and directed toward measuring impact on environmental resources important to local human activities. Elements of the scientific program were (1) offshore components, including fisheries, benthos, chemistry, microbiology; and (2) riverine/estuary, including extensive water analysis to detect any spill input to water resources used by local settlements and chemical analysis of local fish market samples. Preliminary results indicated that any initial environmental effects were limited and localized. Based on the initial program, a larger follow-up program is planned involving offshore studies, a shoreline fate and effects program, impact to mangrove habitats, and a study of any socioeconomic and human health effects.