Abstract
Solid-state battery technology is motivated by the desire to deliver flexible power storage in a safe and efficient manner. The increasingly widespread use of batteries from mass production facilities highlights the need for a rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool for identifying battery defects. We demonstrate the use of atomic magnetometry to measure the magnetic fields around miniature solid-state battery cells. These fields encode information about battery manufacturing defects, state of charge, and impurities, and they can provide important insights into battery aging processes. Compared with SQUID-based magnetometry, the availability of atomic magnetometers, however, highlights the possibility of constructing a low-cost, portable, and flexible implementation of battery quality control and characterization technology.
Highlights
Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries (LIBs) currently are considered the most promising secondary battery technology to power mobile devices, electric transportation, and power tools.Conventional LIBs typically employ liquid or gel-based electrolytes
While nickel can be a component of cathode materials, for typical cathodes, the amount identified is much lower than what would be needed to account for our observations—for example, for different types of nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) materials [26]
The assumption that the saturation magnetization determined from SQUID magnetometry due to metallic nickel is supported by the amount of nickel measured by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method
Summary
Conventional LIBs typically employ liquid or gel-based electrolytes. These are often volatile and flammable, which gives rise to safety concerns [1,2]. Solid-state batteries incorporate ion conducting solid electrolytes instead, which avoid the issue of volatility and leakage. The use of solid electrolytes could enable the use of lithium metal anodes, thereby providing a viable pathway for higher capacity devices, while maintaining the inherent safety of the battery [3]. Significant technological challenges need to be overcome to make solid-state-based LIBs a widespread reality, including, for example, the facilitation of fast ion transport and the establishment of good interfacial properties between electrodes and the electrolyte medium
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