Rapid microwave synthesis of MOF microrods: Dispersive SPE coupled with UHPLC–MS/MS to determine fluoroquinolones in honey

Abstract

A novel sorbent Cu–S metal–organic framework (MOF) microrods was prepared for dispersive solid-phase extraction via microwave synthesis and used to determine 12 fluoroquinolones (FQs) in honey samples employing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). The best extraction efficiency was achieved by optimizing sample pH, sorbent quantity, eluent type/volume, and extraction and elution time. The proposed MOF exhibits advantages such as rapid synthesis time (20 min) and outstanding adsorption ability toward zwitterionic FQs. These advantages can be attributed to multiple interactions, including hydrogen bonding, π–π interaction, and hydrophobic interaction. The limits of detection of analytes were 0.005–0.045 ng g−1. Acceptable recoveries (79.3%–95.6%) were obtained under the optimal conditions. Precision (relative standard deviation, RSD) was <9.2%. These results demonstrate the utility of our sample preparation method and the high capacity of Cu–S MOF microrods for rapid and selective extraction of FQs from honey samples.