Abstract
Nasal septal deviation (NSD) is one of the most common nasal diseases. Different from common clinical examination methods, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can provide visual flow information of the nasal cavity. The dimension and volume of the nasal cavity are easily affected by rapid maxillary expansion (RME). The purpose of this study was to use CFD to evaluate the effect of RME on the aerodynamics of the nasal cavity in children with maxillary transverse deficiency and NSD. Computational fluid dynamics was implemented after 3D reconstruction based on the CBCT of 15 children who have completed RME treatment. After treatment, the volume increases in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and pharynx were not statistically significant. The wall shear stress of the nasal cavity after RME, 1.749 ± 0.673 Pa, was significantly lower than that before RME, 2.684 ± 0.919 Pa. Meanwhile, the maximal negative pressure in the pharyngeal airway during inspiration was smaller after RME (−31.058 Pa) than before (−48.204 Pa). This study suggests that RME has a beneficial effect on nasal ventilation. The nasal airflow became more symmetrical in the bilateral nasal cavity after RME. Pharyngeal resistance decreased with the reduction in nasal resistance and the increase in the volume of oropharynx after RME.
Highlights
Nasal septal deviation (NSD) [1] is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the rhinology clinic, with a 39.9% incidence in children [2]
Increased nasal resistance may be responsible for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) because the pharyngeal airway tends to collapse with greater negative pressure in the pharyngeal [7]
We investigated the changes of nasal airflow in children with NSD and maxillary transverse deficiency
Summary
Nasal septal deviation (NSD) [1] is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in the rhinology clinic, with a 39.9% incidence in children [2]. It can result in imbalanced airflow in the bilateral nasal cavity, hypertrophy of the turbinate, and increased nasal resistance [3,4,5]. Increased nasal resistance may lead to a chronic mouth-breathing pattern, causing dentofacial deformities, such as bilateral maxillary crossbite and maxillary transverse deficiency, during the growth and development of the craniofacial complex [6]. It is necessary to evaluate the changes in nasal airflow dynamics after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in children with maxillary transverse deficiency and NSD
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