Rapid HPLC screening method for contaminants found in implicated L-tryptophan associated with eosinophilia myalgia syndrome and adulterated rapeseed oil associated with toxic oil syndrome.

Abstract

In 1981 a massive food-borne epidemic, termed the toxic oil syndrome (TOS), occurred in Spain. Eight years later a closely related disease, the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (EMS), was reported in the USA with many additional cases being reported worldwide. Although EMS was linked to the ingestion of contaminated L-tryptophan and TOS to aniline denatured rapeseed oil, the etiological agent(s) responsible for both diseases remains unknown. However, contaminants in both the oil and the dietary supplement are believed to have triggered these diseases, and there has been much speculation that a common contaminant may have caused both epidemics. In this report, methods for the facile preparation and HPLC analysis of EMS-implicated L-tryptophan and adulterated rapeseed oil samples associated with TOS are described which allow a direct comparison between the contaminants of both foodstuffs. A combination of solvent and solid phase extraction methods are demonstrated along with the application of C18 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with on-line UV and MS detection. These methods have allowed us to determine for the first time, based upon this work, that there are no detectable common contaminants that possess a UV response, between EMS implicated L-tryptophan and TOS implicated rapeseed oil samples.