Rapid “high” temperature batch and flow lithiation-trapping of N-Boc pyrrolidine

Abstract

The development of suitable reaction conditions for the rapid “high” temperature lithiation-trapping of N -Boc pyrrolidine under batch and flow conditions is described. For optimisation of batch conditions, the lithiation-trapping was explored using s -BuLi at temperatures of −30 to 20 °C. Two new batch lithiation conditions were discovered using the biomass-derived, sustainable solvent, 2-MeTHF: diamine-free lithiation in 2-MeTHF gave α-substituted pyrrolidines in 50–69% yields at −20 °C or 0 °C. The requirement for very short lithiation times is explained by the chemical instability of the lithiated intermediate at high temperatures. A practical flow chemistry reaction manifold ( s -BuLi, TMEDA, THF, 0 °C, 5 s) has been developed which delivered an α-substituted pyrrolidine in 59% yield. This flow process opens up new opportunities for scaling-up of lithiation-trapping reactions of N -Boc heterocycles.