Abstract
Cell spheroids have been studied as a biomimic medicine for tissue healing using cell sources. Rapid cell spheroid production increases cell survival and activity as well as the efficiency of mass production by reducing processing time. In this study, two-dimensional MXene (Ti3C2) particles were used to form mesenchymal stem cell spheroids, and the optimal MXene concentration, spheroid-production times, and bioactivity levels of spheroid cells during this process were assessed. A MXene concentration range of 1 to 10 μg/mL induced spheroid formation within 6 h. The MXene-induced spheroids exhibited osteogenic-differentiation behavior, with the highest activity levels at a concentration of 5 μg/mL. We report a novel and effective method for the rapid formation of stem cell spheroids using MXene.
Highlights
Cell-adhesion agents are crucial in cell-spheroid formation to ensure cell function while maintaining volume [1]
We observed that the presence of MXene particles during the culture of stem cells attached to the cytoplasm and continued to move with the cells during cell migration (Supplementary Video S1)
MXene can act as a cell adhesive to the production of spheroids formed by cell aggregation and intercellular adhesion
Summary
Cell-adhesion agents are crucial in cell-spheroid formation to ensure cell function while maintaining volume [1]. Cell spheroids are spherical organ mimics that form during in vitro culture [2]. Cell spheroids have been applied to various fields, such as evaluations of tumor therapeutic efficacy, mechanisms of carcinogenesis, cell necrosis using genetic function analysis, interactions between cells during cell differentiation, and 3D organ bioprinting [5,6,7]. To this end, research has been conducted on spheroid production and analysis and the development of efficient spheroid formation methods [8]. One goal is rapid spheroid formation using biomaterials to support cell-to-cell adhesion
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