Abstract
This paper describes a simple and yet rapid flame synthesis method to produce one dimensional metal oxide nanostructures by directly oxidizing metals in the post-flame region of a flat flame. α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoneedles grow in the post-flame region by a solid diffusion mechanism, are highly crystalline, and are aligned perpendicularly to the substrate, with a large surface coverage density. The growth rate of the nanostructures is almost two orders of magnitude larger than those demonstrated previously in furnaces or on hotplates. The rapid growth rate is attributed to the large initial heating rate of the metal substrate in the flame, which generates thin and porous oxide layers that greatly enhance the diffusion of the deficient species to the nanostructure growth site.
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