Rapid filling of the spin gap with temperature in the Schwinger-boson mean-field theory of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg kagome model

Abstract

Using Schwinger-boson mean-field theory, we calculate the dynamic spin structure factor at low temperatures $0<T\ll J$ for the spin-$1/2$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg kagome model, within the gapped $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin liquid phase Ansatz. We find that the spectral gap rapidly fills with temperature, with robust low-energy spectral weight developing by a temperature of $\Delta/3$, where the spin gap is $2\Delta$ (i.e., $\Delta$ is the spinon gap), before any appreciable rise in spinon density or change in zero-temperature mean-field parameters. This is due to deconfinement of spinons which leads to terms suppressed only by $\exp(-\Delta/T)$. At still higher temperatures, the spinon density increases rapidly leading to a breakdown of the Schwinger-boson mean-field approach. We suggest that if the impurity-free spectral functions can be obtained through neutron scattering experiments on kagome herbertsmithites, temperature dependence of the subgap weight can provide distinct signatures of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ quantum spin liquid.