Abstract
A macroarray immobilisation of fluorophores on filter papers for sensing metal ions by in-situ reductive amination and carbodiimide coupling is reported herein. Chemometric approaches resulted in a rapid discovery of sensors that can synergistically discriminate up to 12 metal ions with great prediction accuracies. Covalently bound on paper, sensoring scaffolds that were synthesised from the macroarray format can readily be adopted as practical paper-based sensors with great reusability and sensitivity, achieving the limit of detection at low nanomolar level with some repeating spotting. Lastly, the discovered scaffolds were also confirmed to be functional as unbound molecules, thus paving the way for more diverse applications.
Highlights
Aminoquinoline is a class of compounds that can fit well with the above requirement
This type of technique, originated from the peptide-only synthesis (SPOT synthesis)[36,37], is a synthesis strategy for small molecules performed on cellulose support
This accelerated the discovery of sensing molecules even further, and resulted in a set of compounds that, with an aid of chemometrics, can complementarily sense various metal ions, a finding of which would otherwise be improbable or tedious to attain with traditional synthesis
Summary
Aminoquinoline is a class of compounds that can fit well with the above requirement. With additional pendants, this type of molecules can accommodate a metal ion, resulting in a change in fluorescence due to PET or ICT14–20. Our current work highlights the first example of how macroarray synthesis can be used to both get access to diverse molecular scaffolds and to perform metal ion sensing on-support without extra cleavage or post-synthesis steps This accelerated the discovery of sensing molecules even further, and resulted in a set of compounds that, with an aid of chemometrics, can complementarily sense various metal ions, a finding of which would otherwise be improbable or tedious to attain with traditional synthesis. We demonstrated the utilisation of a Zn2+-selective scaffold as a ready-to-use paper-based sensor with great sensitivity and reusability This was all made possible thanks to the permanent binding nature of the compound to the cellulose support
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