Rapid diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) detection: an evidence-based report.

Manish Kumar Verma,Areena Hoda Siddiqui,Anand Narayan Singh,Poonam Verma,Desh Deepak Singh,Henu Kumar Verma,Parshant Kumar Sharma

doi:10.25122/jml-2021-0168

Abstract

Since December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a global health concern. The transmission method is human-to-human. Since this second wave of SARS-CoV-2 is more aggressive than the first wave, rapid testing is warranted to use practical diagnostics to break the transfer chain. Currently, various techniques are used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. A full review of online databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was analyzed to identify relevant articles focusing on SARS-CoV-2 and diagnosis and therapeutics. The most recent article search was on May 10, 2021. We summarize promising methods for detecting the novel Coronavirus using sensor-based diagnostic technologies that are sensitive, cost-effective, and simple to use at the point of care. This includes loop-mediated isothermal amplification and several laboratory protocols for confirming suspected 2019-nCoV cases, as well as studies with non-commercial laboratory protocols based on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and a field-effect transistor-based bio-sensing device. We discuss a potential discovery that could lead to the mass and targeted SARS-CoV-2 detection needed to manage the COVID-19 pandemic through infection succession and timely therapy.

Highlights

In December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported and diagnosed in Wuhan, China
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was demonstrated for the use of early coronavirus disease detection
This study reported a lack of sensitivity at the start of RT-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, which was confirmed by another study [56]

Summary

INTRODUCTION

In December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported and diagnosed in Wuhan, China. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was demonstrated for the use of early coronavirus disease detection It could be useful in controlling wellspring contamination and preventing patients from being infected with the virus. RT-PCR is widely used to detect COVID-19 in respiratory secretions [35] It has some drawbacks, such as biological contamination risks due to inappropriate handling of patient samples, the need for well-equipped laboratories and skilled personnel, and the long time required for the expected results [36]. Wang et al conducted a study using RT-qPCR, which revealed a 91.7% positive rate in saliva samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

Method available

Findings

CONCLUSIONS