Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic contribution of protein profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry applied to saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and dental plaque from periodontitis and healthy subjects. We hypothesized that rapid routine and blinded MALDI-TOF analysis could accurately classify these three types of samples according to periodontal state. Unstimulated saliva, GCF and dental plaque, collected from periodontitis subjects and healthy controls, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Based on the differentially expressed peaks between the two groups, diagnostic decision trees were built for each sample. Among 141 patients (67 periodontitis and 74 healthy controls), the decision trees diagnosed periodontitis with a sensitivity = 70.3% (± 0.211) and a specificity = 77.8% (± 0.165) for saliva, a sensitivity = 79.6% (± 0.188) and a specificity = 75.7% (± 0.195) for GCF, and a sensitivity = 72.1% (± 0.202) and a specificity = 72.2% (± 0.195) for dental plaque. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were improved to 100% (CI 95% = [0.91;1]) and 100% (CI 95% = [0.92;1]), respectively, when two samples were tested. We developed, for the first time, diagnostic tests based on protein profiles of saliva, GCF and dental plaque between periodontitis patients and healthy subjects. When at least 2 of these samples were tested, the best results were obtained.
Highlights
Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic plaque biofilms that results in the progressive destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth [1]
For the first time, diagnostic tests based on protein profiles of saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and dental plaque between periodontitis patients and healthy subjects
The diagnosis of periodontitis is currently based on clinical measurements of probing pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index, and clinical attachment level and is associated with a radiographic examination [1]
Summary
Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic plaque biofilms that results in the progressive destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth [1]. The diagnosis of periodontitis is currently based on clinical measurements of probing pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index, and clinical attachment level and is associated with a radiographic examination [1]. Because at the beginning of periodontal disease the patient does not experience any symptoms, he will not consult and will not be diagnosed until an advanced stage of periodontitis is reached. These assessments highlight the necessity to have a simple minimally invasive screening and diagnosis tool for periodontal health and periodontal disease at any stage
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