Rapid determination of 93 banned industrial dyes in beverage, fish, cookie using solid-supported liquid–liquid extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry

Abstract

Banned industrial dyes are composed of a large number of chemicals with diverse physical and chemical properties, making their simultaneous determination a challenging task. A one-step extraction and purification of 93 banned industrial dyes from beverage, fish and cookie sample methods was proposed by using solid supported liquid–liquid extraction (SLE). The extract was analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole orbitrap high–resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS). The quantitative and qualitative mode adopts Q-Orbitrap-HRMS full scan MS (full scan MS1) and data-dependent MS/MS (dd-MS2) acquisition mode. The mass resolution was screened under 70,000 FWHM for full-scan MS1 and 35,000 FWHM for dd-MS2. Linearity was observed in the range of 0.01 ∼ 0.5 μg/mL and the limits of quantification were 0.04 ∼ 0.2 mg/kg for 93 dyes. The average recoveries were 70.5–105.8%, with RSD ≤ 10%. The proposed method has the ability to simultaneously screen many banned dyes in foods with high throughput, sensitivity and reliability.