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Abstract
Athletes usually take nutritional supplements and perform the specialized training to improve the performance of sport. A quick assessment of their athletic status will help to understand the current physical function of athletes' status and the effect of nutritional supplementation. Human urine, as one of the most important body indicators, is composed of many metabolites, which can provide effective monitoring information for physical conditions. In this study, temperature-dependent near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology was used to collect the spectra of athlete's urine for evaluating the feasibility of rapidly detecting the exercise state of the basketball player. To obtain the detection results accurately, several chemometrics methods including principal component analysis (PCA), variables selection method of variable importance in projection (VIP), continuous 1D wavelet transform (CWT), and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed to develop a classifier to distinguish the physical status of athletes. The optimal classifying results were obtained by wavelet-PLS-DA classifier, whose average precision, sensitivity, and specificity are all above 0.95, and the overall accuracy of all samples is 0.97. These results demonstrate that temperature-dependent NIRS can be used to rapidly assess the physical function of athlete's status and the effect of nutritional supplementation is feasible. It can be believed that temperature-dependent NIR spectroscopy will obtain applications more widely in the future.
Highlights
To achieve a high level of athletic performance, hard trainings and reasonable dietary nutritional supplements are necessary
Temperaturedependent near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data of basketball players’ urine were collected in temperature ranges from 20 to 50 degrees Celsius in steps of 5. e corresponding spectral profiles are shown in Figure 1, where the average spectral curves of the seven temperatures are collected before and after the basketball players’ exercise
According to the criterion of variable importance in projection (VIP) algorithm, those variables will be selected as the optimal variables whose VIP is larger than 1. erefore, variables above the bold black line in Figure 3 are selected as optimal variables
Summary
To achieve a high level of athletic performance, hard trainings and reasonable dietary nutritional supplements are necessary. Erefore, it is necessary to develop a new technology to accurately assess the exercise state and physical function of athletes. Body metabolites contain a variety of primary and secondary metabolites, which can reflect athlete’s physical function and state and provide the most intuitive information for human health and exercise states [2]. Urine of human body is one of the most important outputs composed of many metabolites It has been widely used for assessment of human health and disease diagnosis, and it will help to quickly understand the body’s physical function and nutritional diet [3, 4]. Erefore, it is necessary to develop a new technology to rapid detect the status of basketball player before and after taking creatine Traditional methods of detecting the supplement creatine usually have the disadvantages of complex sample preparation, being time-consuming, and the need to use toxic and harmful reagents [6,7,8], which cannot meet the needs of rapid and accurate detection. erefore, it is necessary to develop a new technology to rapid detect the status of basketball player before and after taking creatine
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