Rapid approach for the determination of alcoholic strength and overall quality check of various spirit drinks and wines using GC–MS

Abstract

In this study, we have developed a simple, high throughput method applicable for determination of alcoholic strength by volume in spirit drinks and wines, only small sample volume (50 μl) is required for the analysis. Gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is employed for this purpose. While split sample injection is used in analysis of most spirits, headspace solid–phase sampling of volatiles by solid phase micro extraction (HS–SPME) has to be used for analysis of more complex samples such as egg liqueur or port wine. Quantification of ethanol is performed by isotopic dilution using 2,2,2-trideuterioethanol as an internal standard. The method validation was carried out on five various categories of distilled spirit drinks represented by vodka, whisky, pear brandy, grappa and rum (differing in a content of other commonly controlled volatiles such as acetaldehyde, methanol, ethyl acetate and fusel alcohols), three wines, port wine and egg liqueur. The repeatability of determined alcoholic strength expressed as a relative standard deviation ranged for tested samples from 0.19 to 0.98%, the trueness of results was successfully verified within the proficiency testing programme FAPAS®. In addition, using this newly developed method, denaturants such as propan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-2-ol and/or methanol can be screened.